Device for honing spiral grooves



July 10, 1945. J. E. KLINE ETAL 27,330,317

, DEVICE FOR HONING SPIRAL GROOVES Filed Aug. 29'. 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet lI INV ENTOR ATT0RNEY v July 10, 1945, J. E. KLINE ET AL 2,380,317

DEVICE FOR HONING SPIRAL GROOVES Filed Aug. 29, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 mn ms I vm wma km 1 MW m WW HJIY Mm mm .6 M R MN k Wk km ATTORNEIE.

July 10, 1945. .J. E. KLINE ET AL 2,380,317

I DEVICE FOR HONIiIG SPIRAL GROOVES Filed Aug. 29,. 1942 s Sheets-Sheet5 IN VEN TORS z i'e 44 M. A TTORNE Y Patented July 10, 1945 r DEVICErion noume SPIRAL enooyns John'ElKlineg Grossle Pointe'Fa rms, andCharles S."White, Dearborn, Mich, assignors to Micro- I matic HoneCorporation; Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan l I ApplicationAugust 29, 1942, Serial No. 456,608

' 3 .13 Claims. (Cl.-51--'184.3)

. This invention relates to honing tools andlparticularly to a honingtool .for honing helical slots for producing the lands or splinesin :theinner wall of a tubular element.

vIt has been the practice in the art totmachine grooves in the innerwall of a tubular :ele'nient,

dividual. cutters or breaches whichprogressiyely cut the material fromthelwall as the cutters or broaches are advanced through the barrel. Amaster lead bar is utilized for rotating the cutters or broaches whenhelical slots are :to be machined on the cylinder wall. The-cutting orbroaching operations werenever satisfactory .as' they re quired extremeskill and care. As thHiOO'lS 113110- 1 gressed through the barrel, thecuttings piled up ahead of the teeth and interfered-with the properpresentation of the cutting edges to' the material. i-This resulted inthe tearing andigouging of the metal from the wall; whichproduced roughsur- ;faces and recesses of greater depth than desired. vBecause of thisrough, uneven width and idepthof slots'between the lands; many ofthebarrels were sodefective that they could not :be used.

In the practice of the present invention, I9. honing tool is employed tofinish hone the slotstproduced by the cutting tools so. that, after thefinishing operation, smooth and accurate grooves were formed between thelands. In view of the speed in which the honing operation can be'L'ac-"A complished; the honing toolsYam also employed i for generating thecomplete slot-s betweenthe -landsin a single operation or in a roughingand finishing operation. It was found that theLhon ing of the slotsaved'materially in time and tool" :cost and produced extremely accuratelands and 1 grooves withinthe barrel. v- I 7 a The honing tool comprisesa :body f'o'r..-sup.porting honing elements consisting of abacki-ng mamand have it partiallyextend tromjthe opposit end.,-:The stones aremounted ,=.a-t ian-ran l conforming to the helix .angle ef the slotsbetween I th lands'and when slots havebeen rough -'}{})'llt. withimthebarrel nQturBi l JdeVicei to have the stones follow theyparticularieadof the slots. 7

. when the number of yeas s be machined in ftlielbarrel is greaterthan'the ,number {of stones which may be mounted in the body in a plane '55nism within a tubular extension which is contransverse to thea'xisthereof, aseries of sets of stones are employed each embodying twoor'more such as a gun barrel, byxemploying va serieswof-in- Icircumferential groups of stones 1 forming a complementary set whichengages all of the slots withl .-in,-the barrel. When a number of thesesets are u ilized on thetool body, a plurality of different "stonesoperate in each ;of thegrooves being .ma

chined within the gun barrel. 5

The body is reciprocated through the barrel, the length of the strokebeing sufficient to have at :least one complementary set of stonesextend from eachend of the barrel during the recipro- L catingmovemen-t.A driving head is mounted on the opposite end of the tubular drivingmember from that of'the tool body which is secured to a support.Adjacent tot-he driving head an adjustring collar is mounted foroperating a rod which moves the adjusting member within the body forcontrolling the radial position of the abrasive them toward the axis ofthe tool so that theylwilli stones. The adjusting collar and rod may beactuated by a rod extending throughthe /driving memher which may beaxially moved by a rodsecured abrasive stones may have apredeterminedipressure applied thereto during the honing operation andmay be moved radially so as tomachine the slots to depth withoutinterrupting the reciprocation of the tool. ,o

;,Garter springs may be employed on the tool hodyfor engaging the stoneholders for, urging be retracted when the adjusting member is moved theopposite direction from thatwhich moves .1 "the stones radially.outwardly. The springs may also be employed as wedges for preventing theH abrasive stones from being, free to fall from the .1 11001 body whilepermitting them to be urged outwardlyof the bodyaxiswhenthe.adjus-ting'memtheaxis tothe'bodyjto provide a honing tool with,a series of sets of stones; each ,set comprising cirscumferentialgroups of stones outgoij aligned relation but spaced in such-manner thateachstone r is aligned with a slot to be machined in a cylinder;to-provide a honing tool having a body-portion containing a plurality-ofsets of .abrasi;ve stones which are disposed o n the helical lead"of'slots whichare to be machined in an internal cylinder a wall andmoved radially by an adjusting'mechato that illustrated in Fig. 10,showing a still fur- .1

; to that illustrated in Fig. 14, showing a further adjusting head 2 l.

trolled by a sleeve on the driving end of the tool and operated by a rodextending through the driving member thereof; and, in general, toprovide a honing tool for machining helical slots in the interior wallof a cylinder which machines the slots in both directions ofreciprocation of the tool.

Other objects and features of novelty of this invention will bespecifically pointed out or will become apparent, when referring, for abetter understanding of the invention, to the following descriptiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is a view in elevation of a tool embodying features of thisinvention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged broken sectional view of the driving end of thetool illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged broken sectional, viewof the tubular extension of the driving end atth'e junctiontherebetween; I

-. Fig. 4 is a broken sectional view of the tool 'body'illustrated onthe tool of Fig. 1;

- Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 4,taken on the line 5+5thereof;

tion to hone a gun barrel;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged broken sectional view 0 the tool illustrated inthe machine of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged broken sectional view through one of the abrasivestones and the tool illustrated in Fig. 8,;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of structure, similar *to that illustratedin Fig. 10, showing a further form of the invention; 1

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of structure, similar ther form which theinvention may assume;

-Fig. 1'3 is a broken sectional view of structure,

Fig. 14 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated inFig. 9, taken on the linev l4-l4 thereof; and

Fig. 15 is a sectional view of structure similar form of the invention.7

In Fig. 1, a tool is illustrated. comprising a body to the tool body.Thelength of the tubular 5 element may vary, depending upon the lengthof the gun barrel or cylinder being machined and the stroke inreciprocation of the tool which is moved from one end of the barrel tothe other.

In Fig. 2, the driving end of the tool is illustrated as embodying atapered shank portion provided with a pair of legs 26 which are securedto opposite points on a collar 24 by a pair ofpins 21. The collar 24 issecured to a pair'of projecting lugs 28 interjacent the legs 26 by a setof pins 29 which produces a universal joint at the driving end of thetool. The lugs 28 extend from a. sleeve 3! which has a pair of bayonetslots 32 for receiving and clamping a pin 33 70 extending through thetubular element 34 of the A sleeve 35 is disposed over the sleeve 3! andis retained in position by a spring-pressed pin 36. When the sleeve isreleased by the pin 36, it maybe moved upwardly 75' cured by apin 5| tothe sleeve 42.

over the driving head 22 to release the pin 33, which then may be turnedand removed from the bayonet slot 32.

Within the sleeve 34, a plunger 31 is provided having a slot 38 throughwhich the pin 33 extends. A pin 39 extends through the plunger 31,through a slot 4| in the tubular element 34 and into a sleeve 42. Thepin is retained against axial movement by a ring 43 extendingabout thesleeve. A ring 44, secured by a screw 45 to the tube 34, limits theupward movement of the sleeve 42 on the tubular element 34. The sleeve42 supports a rotatable collar 46 which is provided with an internalthread 41. A plurality of balls 48 lock the collar to the sleeve whenthe balls are retained in position by a ring 49 se- A sleeve 53 isprovided with external threads 54, which are engaged by the threads 41within the collar 46.

The sleeve 53 is connected by a pin 55 to a block 56, to which anadjusting rod 51 is secured. A spring-pressed ball 58 retains the collar46 in adjusted position while a spring-pressed ball 59 prevents theaxial movement of the pin 55 relative to the sleeve 53 and block 56.

A spring 6| urges the plunger 31 toward the driving element 22 toretract the adjustingrod 51 when it is desired to contract the abradingmembers. The pin 55 extends through a slot 62 in the tubular element 34and transmits-move ment from the plunger 31, pin 39, to the sleeves 42and 53 to the pin 55 and rod 51. The-plunger 31 may be moved axially bya rod 63 which extends through the collar 24 in the adjustinghead 22 andthrough the end of the tapered driving shank 25.

In Fig. 3 the structure employed toconnect the end of. the drivingelement 2! to the tubular extending element 23 is illustrated. Thetubular element 34 has a sleeve 64 thereover, which is secured theretoby, a spring-pressed pin 65.

When the sleeve is released, it may be moved to the right to permit theenlargedend 66 of the tubular element 23 to project over the tubularelement 34 and to be screwed upon the thread 61 thereof. A key 68 isthen inserted ina slot through the enlarged end 66 into a recess 69 inthe tubular element 34. The sleeve-64 is then moved over the key andsleeve 34 to a positionon the enlarged end 66 at which it is secured bythe pin 65. Q

Additional sections of the tubularv element 23 may be added between thebody'portion 20 :and

. the adjusting head 2| following the teaching of the J. E. Klineapplication, Serial No. 369,925, filed December 13, 1940, which maturedas Patent No. 2,343,013, February 29, '1944, and assigned to theassignee of the present invention.

Referring to Figs. 4 to '7, inclusive, the tubular element23 has a ballend H secured thereto to form a universal connection with the body 12 ofthe tool portion 20. The ball end is secured to the body I2 by a ring 13and a locking ring 14, which is secured in position by a ring 15. Theadjusting rod 51 has a ball end 16 which is secured in a sphericalrecess 11 in the block 18. A rod 19 is threaded into the block 18 and issecured in position by a pin 8|.

The rod has a plurality of frusto-conical elements 82 secured thereon bya pair of nuts 83. A universal connection is formed inthis mannerbetween the tool body 2! and the driving element 23 which, with theuniversal connection at the driving head '2, permits the misalignment ofthe work with The $001 e is provided withapertures '84 having bushings85 therein through-which pinsv 86 extend which aresecured to the stoneholders 81' towhich stones 88 are-secured. The stones- 88 are urgedinwardly'by the plurality of garter springs 89 which engage the-holders8'1.-

Referring'to Fig-5, the; stone holders 8! are illustratedas beinggrouped in a planeas-close together as possible, permitting eightholdersto be mountedon the circumference of the body. When 24 slots areto bemachined in a rifle barrel, three sets of eight stones eachwillmake up a group to machineall of the Zslot-s. The set 9| is offset fromthe-group, which is offset from the set .93- a distance equa l to thepitch of the lands, sothat all three setsof stones will I adjustingelement I25, which is axially movable,

control the radial position of the stones.

machine all of the 24 slots' within the barrel.

Additional groups 94 and- 95' of the stones are provided in the-toolbody so that a plurality of stones will operate in. each of-the.grooves. The hone ispreferably operated in--reciprocation within the gunbarrel throughout the length thereof and to such a degree-astohave agroup of the stones project from either end of the barrel at the end ofeachfstroke; A- -plurality'of spring-'pressed'pins 96 areprovided'ontheentering end of the hone for engaging'the slots which were roughed inthe barrel 'pr'iorto the honing operation, for turning the honeinaccordance with the lead of the slot as the hone is advanced through thebarrel. Blocks 91. may also be employed on the body of the tool forresting upon the top of the lands to supportthe weight of the I In Fig."8 a' honing toolfflllll is illustrated'sup ported on a shaft I02 whichisattached to a head I03. The attaching colla'rfIM may freely'turnwithin the head was to permit the'tool to-follow the 'slotswhich havebeen roughed in the bore as it is reciprocated Within a barrel I052 Thebarrel issupported on thefixtures I and I01,

the latter of which is'provided with an extending disposed 120 degreesapart.

ployed for locking the stones in position.

stone and theholdera I is provided with a plurality of conical surfacesI26 which produce the outward movement and A spring I2! is mounted inthe 'end of the tubular body I2I' for urging the adjusting element tothe left out of engagement with the stone holders I23. I 7

While, in Figs. 4 and 9, the stone holders are illustrated as beingmounted on an angle equal to that of the lead of the slot to be machinedin the gun barrel, in Fig. 13 the stone holders are of rectangular formwith the longitudinal axis disposed on the axis of the tool body. Thestones WI aresupported on the stone holders I28 at an angle conformingto that of the, helical lead of the slots to be machined.-

In Fig. the stone holder mend stone I24 cept the outer abrasive face.When small stones are employed' to' hone slots in a barrel of smalldiamewr, the sheath on the stones adds strength thereto whileeliminating the joint between the In Fig. 14 the tool body I2I isillustrated as being provided with the stones I24 which are This toolwasconstructed to operate on a small gun barrel having nine grooves, sothat three sets of three stones constitute a complementary set whichwill machine all of the grooves. Each setofthree stones is offset fromthe other an amount equal to the portion I08 to forma support for theend of the tool when the tool is-withdrawn from the barrel. 7

The base I09 of the machinelsupports a cylinder III whichreciprocates'arod IIZfancl the head I03 which ismounted upon thecarriage H3. A cylinder H4 is provided on the he'ad- I03havingflexible-conduits H5 and H6 connected thereto for controlling theposition of 'thepiston within the cylinder which operatesan, adjustingrod for axially moving the rod 51" within .the

tool for producing, pressure and expansion on the abrasive stones. thestones is illustrated as extendingfrom the muzzle of the gun at the endof the reciprocating v stroke of the honing tool to the left as viewedin the'figure. A similar group of stones on the opposite end of the toolwill project from the breach end of'the barrel at the end of thefollowing stroke in the'opposite direction.

When thetool is to be employed for roughing and finishingthe slotswithin the gun barrel, the pins 96 may be omitted and an attachingdevice is, employed for producing the rotation of the tool as it ismoved in reciprocation. Such a device is illustrated in the applicationof J. E.

A group 91, 92, and.,93' of Kline, Serial No.,455,'712, filed August'22,1942,

and assigned toithe assignee of the present invention."

In Fig. 9 a form of tool is illustrated which may be employed on gunbarrels of small diameters. The body I2I is a tube having a plurality ofslots I22 therein in which the stone holders I23 supporting the stonesI24 are secured. An

pitch of the lands so that each of the stoneswill be alignedrwith one'ofthe nine grooves. Several groups of three sets of stones are employedalong" the'tool body so that several of the stones will contact each ofthe slots.

In Fig. 15 a tool body I30 is illustrated which is similar-to the toolbody IZI with the excel)- tionthat helical slots I39 are provided in thebody of the tool which conform in lead angle and depth to that of theroughed out lands formed by the rough machining operation with whichthey engage to guide the tool in rotation as the tool'is advancedthrough the gun barrel.

. The tool ofthe present invention-may be em ployed to finish honing theslots which have been rough'cut in a gun barrel to produce'smooth bottomand side walls which are of accurate width and depth. The tools mayalso'be employed to' generate the entire depth of slot when rotated intimed relation to its reciprocation. This is made possible by theapplication of pressure to the stones formoving them radially during thetime the honing tool is reciprocated. The'honing operation occurs, inboth directions of movement of the tool in reciprocation, and there isno danger of deforming'the walls of the slotsat any point. The honingoperation for generating and finishing the slots produces a materialsaving in time over theme of thecutting and 'broa'ching t001s.- Thehoning operation produces accurate slots, having smoothside walls andbottom, which are ofexact width and depth.

The stones 88 or I24, herein referred to, may

be made of a bonded abrasive materialor of diamond impregnatedmaterial.. A file-like cutting block may be employed when capable ofmachiming in both directions of movement. Such machining materiallyreduces the time required to machine the grooves to desired depth.

What is claimed is:

1. A honing tool including, in combination, a

tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasive elements circumferentiallydisposed on said body, the elements of certain of said groups beingaligned with elements of others of said groups on a helix about the bodyaxis, and spring-pressed pins extending from the body for registeringsaid body to accord with the lead of a similar helix to be honedin aworkpiece. 2. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups ofelongated independently movable abrasive elements, each group comprisingsets of elements disposed circumferentially of the body, with theelements of one set disposed on helices spaced from. the helices onwhich the elements of the other sets are disposed.

3. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasiveelements, each group comprising sets of elements disposedcircumferentially of the body, with'the elements of each set spacedaxially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which theelements of the other sets in the same group are disposed, the elementsin the same group are disposed, guide means on'said I tool body engaginghelical grooves in the workone group being disposed on the same helix asi that on which the elements of another group are disposed.

4. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasiveelements, each group comprising sets of elements disposedcircumferentially of the body, with the elements of each set spacedaxially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which theelements of the other sets in the same group are disposed, the elementsin one group being disposed on the same helix as that on which theelements of another group are disposed, and means within said body forradially moving the elements of all of the groups simultaneouslyrelative to the tool body.

5. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasiveelements, a group comprising sets of elements disposed circumferentiallyof the body, with the elements of each set spaced axially and disposedon helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of the othersets in the same group are disposed, and guide means on said tool bodyengaging helical grooves in the workpiece for rotating said body intoalignment therewith as it is moved axially.

6. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasiveelements, each group comprising sets of elements disposedcircumferentially of the body, with the elements of each set spacedaxially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which theelements of the other sets in the same group are disposed, andsupporting elements on said body engaging the lands between the groovesbeing machined for supporting the body thereon.

'7. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasiveelements, each group comprising sets of elements disposedcircumferentially of the body, with the elements of each set spacedaxially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which theelements of the other sets in piece for rotating said body as it ismoved axially, and supporting elements on said body engaging the landsbetween said grooves.

8. In a honingtool, a tool body, an abrasive stone'on said body, saidbody having a circumferential slot adjacent to said stone with a slopingwall opposite to the stone end, and a spring in said slot engaging theend of said stone and applying pressure along its longitudinaldimension.

9. In a honing tool, a tool body, an abrasive stone on said body, saidbody having a circumferential slot adjacent to said stone with a slopingwall opposite to thestone end, and a garter spring disposedcircumferentially of saidbody so as to project into said slot andbeforced against the stone end by said sloping wall.

10. In a tool, a set of spaced radial machining elementscircumferentially disposed on helices about the tool axis, a second setof spaced radial machining elements axially offset from said first setof elementsand circumferentially disposed on helices about the tool axisin spaced relation to said first helices, and a third set of spacedmachining elements axially offset from said first and second sets ofelements which are disposed on helices differing from the helices onwhich theelements of said first and second sets are disposed.

'11. In a tool, a set of spaced radially adjustable machining elementscirCumferentially disposed on helices about the tool axis, a second setof spaced radial adjustable machining elements axially offset from saidfirst elements and circumferentially disposed on helices about the toolaxis in spaced relation to said first helices, and a third set ofspaced. radially adjustable machining elements axially ofiset from saidfirst and second said sets of elements which are disposed on the helicesthereof.

12. In a honing tool including, in combination, a tool body, a pluralityoi sets of abrading elements carried by said body for radial adjustment,each set embodying a plurality of circumerentially aligned abradingelements havingv their longitudinal axes disposed on spaced helicesabout said body, the elements inone set falling on helices spaced fromthe heliceson which the elements of an adjacent set are.aligned, saidplurality of sets forming a group of elements which hone all 'of aplurality of closely adjacent helical slots to longitudinal axesdisposed on spaced helices about said body, the elements in one setfalling on helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of anadjacent set are aligned, said plurality of sets forming a group ofelements which hone all of a plurality of closely adjacent helical slotsto be honed, and a second'group of sets of elements mounted on said bodyto have a plurality'of said abrading elements operate in each of saidhelical slots to be honed.

JOHN E. KLINE. CHARLES S. WHITE.

